Imibare yo mu 2019 y’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku buzima, OMS, igaragaza ko umusonga wihariye 15% by’impfu zibasira abana bari munsi y’imyaka itanu, aho mu 2017 yishe abarenga ibihumbi 800.
Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abarenga miliyoni bashyirwa mu bitaro kubera iyi ndwara naho abarenga ibihumbi 50 bakicwa nayo. Abantu barenga miliyoni ebyiri mu 2017 nibo bahitanywe n’indwara y’umusonga, muri bo abenshi bari abana bari munsi y’imyaka itanu.
Raporo y’ihuriro ry’ibigo mpuzamahanga byita ku ndwara z’ubuhumekero yo ku wa 11 Ugushyingo 2019, igaragaza ko nibura ku Isi mu munota abana babiri bapfa bishwe n’umusonga, 80% akaba ari abana bari munsi y’imyaka ibiri, bivuga ko nibura abana 700.000 bahitanwa n’umusonga buri mwaka.
Muri ibi bihe Isi yose ihanganye n’icyorezo cya COVID-19, ubukana bw’iyi ndwara nabwo bwarushijeho kwiyongera dore ko ari imwe mu bimenyetso by’iki cyorezo ari nacyo ahanini kizahaza abarwaye Covid-19.
Nubwo indwara y’umusonga izahaza abana ahanini ishobora no gufata abandi bantu bari mu byiciro by’imyaka bitandukanye barimo abakuze n’abafite indwara karande.
OMS ivuga ko ibitera umusoga bigabanyije mu byiciro bitatu birimo virusi, udukoko ndetse n’udukoko two mu bwoko bwa Fungi.
Bagiteri
Umusonga ukunze kugaragara uterwa na bagiteri ni uwo mu bwoko bw’umusonga wihariye uzwi mu cyongereza nka ‘pneumococcal pneumonia’. Uterwa n’agakoko kitwa ‘Pneumococus Pneumoniae’ Iyi bagiteri ubusanzwe yibera mu gice cyo hejuru cy’urwungano rw’ubuhumekero.
Abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura ubu bwoko bw ‘umusonga ni abaherutse kubagwa, abana bato, abageze mu zabukuru, abantu bafite ubudahangarwa buke bw’umubiri barimo abasanzwe bafite izindi ndwara zikomeye cyangwa karande. Umusonga watewe na bagiteri ushobora kugarargaza ibimenyetso cyangwa ntubigaragaze.
Zimwe muri bagiteri zitera umusonga utagaragaza ibimenyetso harimo Mycoplasma Pneumoniae, aho Umusonga uterwa n’iyi bagiteri ufata cyane cyane abantu bafite imyaka iri munsi ya 40 by’umwihariko batuye cyangwa bakorera ahantu hari ubucucike bukabije nko mu nkambi no mu magereza.
Indi bagiteri itera umusonga utaragaza ibimenyetso ni Chlamydia Pneumoniae,iyi bagiteri itera cyane cyane umusonga ufata igice cy’ubuhumekero cyo hejuru.
Virusi
Ubwoko bwinshi bw’umusonga buturuka kuri virusi ‘Influenza’ igaragara cyane mu bantu bafite ubundi burwayi harimo ubw’ibihaha n’umutima.
Izindi virusi zitwa para influenza, rhinovirus, Respiratory syncytial virus n’izindi zitera umusonga uri hagati y’ukomeye n’uworoheje. Muri rusange izi virusi zigaragara mu buryo butandukanye bijyanye n’imiterere y’ahantu, uwazanduye, igihe, niba umuntu yarakingiwe cyangwa atarakingiwe nabyo bibigiramo uruhare.
Fungi
Umusonga uterwa na fungi ugira ubukana bwinshi ku bantu bafite ubundi burwayi bukomeye cyangwa abadafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buhagije .Pneumocystis Pneumoniae ni ubwoko bw’umusonga bufite ubukana bwinshi cyane mu buturuka kuri fungi.
Igaragara cyane mu bantu badafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buhagije biturutse kuri Virusi itera Sida cyangwa imiti y’igihe kirerekire nk’ivura kanseri cyangwa abahawe izindi ngingo z’umubiri. Ubutaka ubwabwo bushobora kuba ikigega k’izi fungi nka coccydiomycosis ,histoplasmosis, na Cryptococcus.
Uburyo bwo kwirinda umusonga
Gukaraba kenshi intoki ni bumwe mu buryo bwo kwirinda umusonga, kwirinda kunywa itabi kuko naryo riri mu bishobora kuwutera, ndetse no gufata urukingo cyane cyane mu gihe cy’ubukonje.
Ku bana bari munsi y’amezi atandatu kumwonsa kenshi ni intwaro ikomeye yo kumurinda umusonga kuko amashereka aba yihagijeho ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri, niyo mpamvu ugomba kumwonsa kenshi ukanamurinda imbeho.
Indwara y’umusonga iravurwa igakira iyo wagannye abaganga hakiri kare, niyo mpamvu igihe ubonye ibi bimenyetso birimo umunaniro ,kubira ibyuya,Inkorora, umuriro, kubabara mu gatuza, guhinda umushyitsi no kunanirwa guhumeka ugomba kwihutira kujya kwa muganga.
Rimwe na rimwe ibi bimenyetso bishobora kubanzirizwa no kubabara umutwe, kubabara imikaya no gucika intege muri rusange igihe ari umusonga watewe na Virusi. Kubana bato hiyongeramo kugira isesemi no kuruka.
Umusonga ni imwe mu ndwara zizahaza abana ndetse igahitana benshi
